GIS
A geographic information system (GIS)
Ancient GIS
About 15,500 years ago, on the walls of caves near Lascaux,France,Cro-Magnon hunters drew pictures of the animals they hunted. Associated with the animal drawings are track lines and tallies thought to depict migration routes. While simplistic in comparison to modern technologies, these early records mimic the two-element structure of modern geographic information systems, an image associated with attribute information ( Wikipedia ).
Geographical information system, is an information system for capturing, storing, analyzing, managing and presenting data which are spatially referenced (linked to location).